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IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting | III Associateship Exam Prep 2025
30-Credit Compulsory Paper | Mock Tests, Printed Guide Book, eBook, Udemy Practice Sets & 9R™ Study Plan
Prepare with confidence for the Insurance Institute of India’s IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting, a compulsory 30-credit paper under the III Associateship Exam. Access a complete exam preparation package: chapter-wise mock tests, Udemy practice sets, 1250+ MCQ question bank, and the expert-led 9R™ Exam Mastery Study Plan. Dive deep into medical and financial underwriting, risk classification, reinsurance concepts, lifestyle risk evaluation, legal aspects of life assurance, and more. Get full exam support with printed guide books, eBooks, syllabus handbook, solved papers, glossary terms, FAQs and regulatory updates linked to IRDAI. Designed for aspiring life insurance underwriters and AIII certification seekers, our course ensures clarity, speed, and exam confidence.
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IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting | III Associateship Exam 2025 — At a Glance
- Certification Body: Insurance Institute of India (III)
- Exam Module: IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting under the III Associateship Examination (30 Credit Points – Compulsory Paper)
- Ideal For: Life insurance underwriters, branch staff, AIII aspirants, claims processors, risk assessors, actuary team members, and professionals in underwriting, reinsurance, or compliance roles
- Exam Format: 100 MCQs | 2 Hours | 60% Passing Marks | No Negative Marking
- Mode of Exam: Online proctored or in-centre exam across India conducted by III
- Eligibility Criteria: Open to graduates, insurance professionals, and those pursuing Associateship under III
- Key Topics Covered: Principles of Life Insurance Underwriting, Medical & Non-Medical Underwriting, Risk Classification, Reinsurance Concepts, Occupational and Lifestyle Risks, Financial Underwriting, Extra Mortality Ratings, Legal Aspects including MWP Act, Policy Riders, and Underwriting System Guidelines based on III Learning Framework
- Reference Framework: Based on official III exam handbook, IRDAI updates, and real-case based underwriting illustrations
- Frequently Tested Concepts: Moral hazard, insurable interest, financial underwriting, reinsurance layers, lien clauses, dating back of policies, cardiovascular/diabetes/thyroid disorders in underwriting, lifestyle declarations, policy issuance process
- Popular Queries Covered: “What is medical underwriting in IC 22?”, “How is lifestyle risk evaluated?”, “What documents are needed for financial underwriting?”, “How is extra mortality rating applied?”
- Exam Relevance: Best prepared using mock test series, Udemy practice sets, 9R™ Study Plan, and printed + digital study materials designed by Gurukul On Road for IC 22 – AIII Exam 2025
Pro Tip: Prioritize chapters on underwriting principles, medical impairments, and financial documentation. Use the 9R™ strategy to master frequently tested MCQs and boost retention via case-based practice.
Available Formats for IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting | III Associateship Exam Prep
Prepare confidently for the IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting module of the III Associateship Examination (30 Credit Paper) with our expertly curated learning formats. Access exam-like mock tests, topic-wise solved MCQs, practice-driven Udemy test sets, printed study guides, and easy-access eBooks. Each format is updated with IC 22 syllabus topics such as medical & financial underwriting, risk classification, reinsurance, MWP Act, policy riders, and underwriting impairments. Back your preparation with the 9R™ Exam Mastery Study Plan and master IC 22 with speed, clarity, and confidence.
Choose a Format That Fits Your Study Style IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting:
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Why Choose Our Study Materials for IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting | III Associateship Exam Prep 2025?
- IC 22 mock tests follow the exact pattern and syllabus prescribed by the Insurance Institute of India (III) for the 30-credit Associateship exam paper.
- All key life insurance underwriting concepts are covered: medical/non-medical underwriting, risk assessment, financial underwriting, moral hazard, insurable interest, lien, reinsurance, and lifestyle-based evaluation.
- Includes over 1250+ IC 22 MCQs with detailed explanations for chapter-wise mastery. Every question is aligned with exam-tested domains and updated III guidelines.
- Mock test dashboard and performance tracking tools simulate actual III exam interface and help identify weak zones like extra mortality rating, underwriting impairments, and MWP Act implications.
- Choose your learning mode: Online Mock Test, Udemy Practice Set, Printed Guide Book, Kindle eBook, plus our FREE 9R™ Study Plan — ideal for working professionals and first-time AIII candidates.
- Stay updated with IRDAI circulars and III notifications, transformed into FAQs, glossary terms, caselets, and scenario-based MCQs published monthly on our IRDAI Updates Portal.
- Avoid common errors in evaluating underwriting disclosures, occupational hazards, non-standard risks, and claims-related documentation using real-world case patterns.
- Mapped to actual III Associateship memory-based questions and trendlines in IC 22 question banks from previous exam cycles — ideal for high-retention practice.
- Developed by BFSI-specialist SMEs with hands-on experience in underwriting, insurance training, and regulatory compliance — trusted by India’s leading certification aspirants.
Stay Updated with IRDAI & III Circulars — Aligned for IC 22 Life Insurance Underwriting Exam 2025
Regulatory updates have a direct impact on MCQ patterns and case-based questions in the III Associateship IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting exam. At GurukulOnRoad, we analyze and simplify critical circulars from IRDAI and III to help you understand their exam relevance. Explore how these circulars influence key IC 22 topics like financial underwriting rules, moral hazard checks, claims documentation, policy rider guidelines, lifestyle risks, and medical underwriting disclosures.
Each update is mapped to the IC 22 syllabus and curated for exam readiness. You’ll find simplified takeaways from IRDAI notifications, III study addendums, underwriting changes, and revised risk classification norms. Our team ensures every relevant circular is reviewed for its MCQ framing potential and updated on our Regulatory Update Resource Page for quick reference.
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Associateship Exam Prep IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting
study materials now available in multiple formats.
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Overview & Key Focus Area : IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting (III Associateship Exam 2025)
Chapter 1: Life Underwriting - Principles & Concepts (Part 1)
Chapter Summary
This foundational chapter introduces the core concepts of life insurance underwriting. It explains that underwriting is the process of risk assessment, selection, and classification of lives proposed for insurance. The chapter covers the fundamental principles of evaluating mortality (risk of death) and morbidity (risk of illness), leading to a decision to accept a risk at a standard rate, with an extra premium, or to postpone or decline the risk altogether. It also details the different types of extra risks—increasing, decreasing, and constant—and introduces underwriting tools like premium loading, liens, and exclusions.
Key Focus Areas for Learners
- Risk Classification: Understand the different categories of risk (standard, substandard, preferred, declined) and the basis for classifying them.
- Types of Extra Risk: Memorize the definitions and examples of increasing, decreasing, and constant extra risks.
- Underwriting Decisions: Be clear on the various outcomes of the underwriting process: acceptance, postponement, declinature, and acceptance with modifications like liens or exclusions.
Chapter 2: Life Underwriting - Principles & Concepts (Part 2)
Chapter Summary
This chapter builds on the first by delving into more advanced underwriting techniques. It introduces the Numerical Rating System, a quantitative method for assessing risk by assigning points for various risk factors. It also discusses the impact of occupation, financial standing, and moral hazard on the underwriting decision. The chapter concludes by explaining various policy riders and benefits that can be added to a policy, such as Accidental Death Benefit (ADB), disability riders, and critical illness cover.
Key Focus Areas for Learners
- Numerical Rating System: Understand how this system works, even though its limitations are noted.
- Moral Hazard: Grasp this concept fully, as it is a critical element in underwriting.
- Policy Riders: Know the purpose and underwriting implications of key riders like Waiver of Premium, ADB, and Critical Illness.
- Dating Back of Policies: Understand the rules and implications of backdating a policy.
Chapter 3: Underwriting: Structure and Process
Chapter Summary
This chapter shifts from theory to practice, outlining the end-to-end underwriting process. It covers the journey from receiving a proposal (application form) to the final issuance of the policy document. It distinguishes between non-medical underwriting (based on disclosures) and medical underwriting (requiring medical examinations). The chapter also describes the typical structure of an underwriting department, including the roles of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) and support teams, and touches on modern challenges like the use of genetic testing.
Key Focus Areas for Learners
- Process Flow: Memorize the sequence of events from application submission to policy issuance.
- Medical vs. Non-Medical: Understand the criteria that determine whether a medical examination is required.
- Underwriting Philosophy: Appreciate how a company's risk appetite and philosophy guide its underwriting decisions.
- Genetic Testing: Understand the advantages, disadvantages, and ethical considerations of using genetic information in underwriting.
Chapter 4: Financial Underwriting
Chapter Summary
This chapter is dedicated to the principles of financial underwriting, which aims to ensure the amount of insurance cover is justified by the applicant's financial standing. Key concepts include insurable interest and Human Life Value (HLV). The chapter provides specific guidance for underwriting various non-standard cases, such as policies for housewives, minors, Key Persons in a business, and insurance under the Married Women's Property (MWP) Act.
Key Focus Areas for Learners
- Insurable Interest & HLV: These are critical concepts. Be prepared to explain them and their importance.
- Special Cases: Pay close attention to the underwriting rules for housewives, minors, Key Person insurance, and partnership insurance.
- MWP Act: Understand the purpose and legal implications of assigning a policy under the MWP Act.
- Financial Documentation: Be familiar with the standard income documents used to verify financial status.
Chapter 5: Occupational, Avocational and Residential Risks
Chapter Summary
This chapter details how an individual's occupation, hobbies (avocations), and place of residence can significantly impact their risk profile. It identifies specific high-risk categories, such as working in the armed forces, aviation, mining, or the chemical industry. It also examines hazardous avocations like mountaineering and car racing, and discusses how residential risks (e.g., living in a region with civil unrest) are evaluated.
Key Focus Areas for Learners
- High-Risk Occupations: Be familiar with the list of hazardous occupations and why they are considered high-risk.
- Avocational Risks: Understand how hobbies are assessed and what kind of extra premiums or exclusions may apply.
- Information Sources: Know how underwriters gather information to assess these specific risks.
Chapter 6: Reinsurance
Chapter Summary
Reinsurance is the process where an insurance company transfers a portion of its risk to another insurer (the reinsurer). This chapter explains the need for reinsurance, which is to protect the insurer from large losses and to increase its capacity to write more business. It covers the main types of reinsurance—facultative (case-by-case) and automatic (treaty-based)—and discusses the benefits of having a reinsurance arrangement.
Key Focus Areas for Learners
- Need for Reinsurance: Understand the primary reasons why insurers use reinsurance.
- Types of Reinsurance: Clearly distinguish between facultative and automatic reinsurance.
- Underwriting Audits: Know the role of reinsurers in auditing the underwriting practices of the primary insurer.
Chapters 7-15: Medical Underwriting Section
General Summary
This extensive section forms the core of the medical knowledge required for a life underwriter. The primary goal across these chapters is to understand how various diseases and medical conditions affect an individual's life expectancy and health, and therefore, their insurability. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific system of the human body or a particular disease. It typically starts with the basic anatomy and physiology, describes common disorders, their symptoms, and diagnostic tests, and concludes with the underwriting implications.
Key Focus Areas for Learners across all Medical Chapters
- Disorder and Underwriting Implications: For every condition mentioned (e.g., Anaemia, Epilepsy, Diabetes, Hypertension, Asthma), the most critical area of focus is the "underwriting considerations" or "underwriting implications." You must be able to link a medical condition to a potential underwriting decision (e.g., standard rates, extra premium, postponement, or declinature).
- Key Terminology and Tests: Be familiar with the key medical terms and the purpose of common diagnostic tests (e.g., Complete Blood Count, Glycosylated Haemoglobin, ECG, Liver Function Tests).
- Specific High-Impact Conditions:
- Chapter 9 (Diabetes Mellitus): This is a very important chapter. Focus on the types of diabetes, key tests (OGTT, HbA1c), and how complications affect underwriting.
- Chapter 14 (Cardiovascular System): This is another critical chapter. Pay close attention to hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), including their risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and the detailed underwriting assessment process.
- Questionnaires: Note the mention of a Tuberculosis Questionnaire in Chapter 12, as specific questionnaires are a common tool for underwriting pre-existing conditions.
Preparation Guide & Study Plan
Preparing for the III Associateship IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting exam requires a structured and medically integrated approach. Based on the official III Exam Handbook 2025, this 30-credit paper assesses your understanding of risk assessment, underwriting principles, medical impairments, financial documentation, reinsurance, and rider benefits.
Whether you’re looking for IC 22 mock tests, medical underwriting quizzes, or a comprehensive preparation roadmap, our exclusive 9R™ Exam Mastery Study Plan offers a guided, layered strategy. Access chapter-wise MCQs, realistic mock tests, underwriting scenarios, and personalized revision flow — all designed for the IC 22 Associateship Exam 2025.
- Download the latest IC 22 syllabus from III portal and understand the updated topics including blood disorders, thyroid diseases, underwriting ratings, and reinsurance models.
- Begin with chapter-wise IC 22 mock tests covering medical conditions, risk classifications, and glossary-based terms.
- Use analytics to focus on weaker domains like numerical rating system, lien method, or underwriting of diabetes, CAD, and renal disorders.
- Attempt full-length IC 22 test simulations to build exam confidence and improve time management.
- Refer to our Printed Guide Book or eBook for simplified explanations on underwriting standards, medical documentation, and financial principles like HLV and insurable interest.
- Stay current with latest IRDAI & III Circulars influencing TPD, critical illness riders, and genetic testing protocols.
- Request your personalized 9R™ Study Plan to align your schedule with high-weightage chapters like nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal systems.
Expert Tip: Don’t just revise — practice smart using IC 22-based case MCQs, underwriting simulations, and real claim-related data points. Our Udemy Practice Test and Gurukul MCQ Bank mirror actual exam difficulty and regulatory alignment for IC 22.
9R Study Plan Framework: Crack IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting with Confidence
Preparing for the Associateship Exam – IC 22: Life Insurance Underwriting under time pressure? Our signature 9R™ Exam Mastery Framework is a strategic, time-efficient study plan curated for insurance professionals and underwriter aspirants. This structured plan ensures conceptual clarity across risk classification, medical and financial underwriting, policy riders, and reinsurance principles. Whether you're using our online mock tests, Udemy practice sets, printed guide book, or eBook syllabus PDF — this roadmap equips you for Associateship exam success with complete confidence.
- R1 – Read: Begin with a detailed read of the official III Handbook for IC 22: Download Latest Handbook 2025. Prioritize chapters on medical underwriting, financial underwriting, extra mortality rating, lien, and reinsurance.
- R2 – Recall: Summarize critical concepts like insurable interest, moral hazard, underwriter's role, non-medical underwriting, and underwriting decisions for high-risk conditions.
- R3 – Review: Go over key points in our IC 22 Printed Guide Book and eBook — especially sections on cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, and nervous system disorders.
- R4 – Rehearse: Practice using chapter-wise IC 22 mock tests and sample question papers focusing on lifestyle-based risk assessments, thyroid diseases, genetic testing, and underwriting for minors.
- R5 – Resolve: Use our detailed MCQ question bank with answer keys to clarify concepts around policy dating back, MWP Act, employer-employee insurance, and underwriting riders.
- R6 – Revise: Dedicate short daily slots to revise reinsurance models, financial documentation for underwriting, and special risk classifications. Use our Regulatory Updates & Blogs for current trends.
- R7 – Replicate: Simulate the exam with full-length IC 22 online practice tests under timed conditions. Strengthen your confidence with real-exam-like environment.
- R8 – Reflect: Analyze your scores using our performance dashboards. Identify gaps in areas like financial underwriting decisions, lien application, and medical disclosures.
- R9 – Reattempt: Revisit incorrectly answered questions and reinforce difficult topics using glossary flashcards, solved paper sets, and FAQs until you're exam-ready.
This proven 9-step strategy is aligned with the latest IC 22 exam pattern and is ideal for aspirants targeting high scores in the Life Insurance Underwriting paper (30 credit points) of the Associateship exam by Insurance Institute of India. Perfectly compatible with our mock tests, topic-wise eBook revisions, smart MCQ banks, and exam-focused coaching resources.
Glossary & Key Definitions for III Licentiate – IC 02: Practice of Life Insurance 2025
This curated glossary provides high-importance definitions and conceptual clarity for learners preparing for the IC 22 – Life Insurance Underwriting paper under the III Associateship Exam. Each term is aligned with the latest Insurance Institute of India (III) exam standards and includes terminology critical for mastering mock tests, printed/eBook guides, and our exclusive 9R™ Exam Mastery Framework. Whether you are using our online mock tests, Udemy practice questions, or printed resources, this glossary will support quick revision, domain understanding, and real-exam application.
Core Underwriting Principles & Decisions
- 1. Underwriting
- The process that an insurance company uses to assess the eligibility of a customer to receive their products. In life insurance, this involves evaluating a proposer's risk factors (like age, health, occupation, and lifestyle) to determine whether to accept the risk, and if so, on what terms and at what premium rate.
- 2. Risk Assessment
- The systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the risks associated with an individual applying for life insurance. This helps the underwriter to understand the likelihood of an early claim and to price the policy accurately.
- 3. Mortality
- The risk of death in a specific population, which is a fundamental factor in life insurance. Underwriters use mortality tables, which are statistical charts, to predict the life expectancy of applicants and calculate premiums.
- 4. Morbidity
- The risk of an individual becoming diseased or unhealthy during their lifetime. Morbidity is a key consideration for underwriting health-related riders, such as critical illness or disability benefits, as it measures the likelihood of a claim for these benefits.
- 5. Risk Classification
- The process of grouping applicants into different risk categories (e.g., preferred, standard, sub-standard, declined) based on their level of risk. This classification determines the premium rate and terms of acceptance for the policy.
- 6. Sub-standard Risk
- An individual who, due to health conditions, occupation, or lifestyle, has a higher-than-average risk of premature death or illness. These risks are still insurable but require a higher premium or special policy terms.
- 7. Numerical Rating System
- A quantitative method used by underwriters to assess risk. It assigns positive or negative points for various risk factors (e.g., medical conditions, family history, occupation). The total score helps in classifying the risk and determining the final premium.
- 8. Postponement
- A decision by an underwriter to delay the acceptance of a proposal for a certain period. This is usually done when the applicant has a temporary or recent health issue, and the underwriter needs to wait for the condition to resolve or stabilize before making a final decision.
- 9. Declinature
- The refusal by an insurance company to accept a risk. This decision is made when an applicant's risk is considered too high to be insurable, even with a higher premium or special terms.
- 10. Exclusions
- Specific conditions or circumstances listed in a policy for which the insurance company will not pay a benefit. For example, a policy might exclude death arising from participation in hazardous sports.
- 11. Premium Loading
- An additional amount added to the standard premium to cover an extra risk presented by a sub-standard life. The loading compensates the insurer for the increased likelihood of a claim.
- 12. Non-medical Underwriting
- The process of underwriting a life insurance policy without requiring the applicant to undergo a medical examination. The decision is based solely on the information provided in the proposal form and other related documents.
- 13. Medical Underwriting
- The underwriting process that involves a medical examination of the applicant, along with reviewing their medical records and test results, to accurately assess their health status and risk.
- 14. Underwriting Philosophy
- A set of guiding principles and risk appetite established by an insurance company that dictates its underwriting policies and practices. It ensures consistency in decision-making across the underwriting department.
Financial & Occupational Underwriting Concepts
- 15. Financial Underwriting
- The part of the underwriting process that assesses the financial justification for the amount of insurance cover being applied for. It aims to prevent over-insurance and moral hazard by ensuring the sum assured is aligned with the applicant's income and financial worth.
- 16. Insurable Interest
- A fundamental legal principle stating that the person buying the insurance policy (the proposer) must have a legitimate financial interest in the life of the person being insured. The proposer must stand to suffer a financial loss from the insured's death.
- 17. Human Life Value (HLV)
- A method of calculating the financial loss that a family would suffer if a breadwinner were to die prematurely. It is calculated based on the insured's income, expenses, and remaining working years, and is used to determine an appropriate amount of insurance cover.
- 18. Moral Hazard
- The risk that a person's behavior might change after they get insurance, leading to a higher chance of loss. In underwriting, it refers to the risk associated with an applicant's character, reputation, financial ethics, and lifestyle, which might conceal an intention to make a fraudulent claim.
- 19. Key Person Insurance
- Insurance purchased by a business on the life of a key employee whose death would cause a significant financial loss to the company. The policy benefit is paid to the business to help it cope with the loss.
- 20. Married Women's Property (MWP) Act
- A legal provision under which a man can take a life insurance policy on his own life and name his wife and/or children as beneficiaries. The policy creates a trust, and the proceeds are protected from creditors and legal heirs.
- 21. Occupational Hazard
- The risk associated with an individual's profession or line of work. Occupations like mining, aviation, and working with chemicals are considered hazardous and may lead to higher premiums or exclusions.
- 22. Avocational Risk
- The risk arising from an individual's hobbies or pastimes, such as mountaineering, car racing, or scuba diving. These activities increase the risk of accidental death or injury and are carefully evaluated by underwriters.
Policy Features & Add-ons
- 23. Rider Benefits
- Optional, supplementary benefits that can be added to a basic life insurance policy for an additional premium. Riders enhance the policy's coverage (e.g., accidental death, critical illness).
- 24. Waiver of Premium Benefit
- A rider that waives the requirement to pay future premiums if the insured becomes permanently and totally disabled. This keeps the policy in force even when the policyholder cannot pay.
- 25. Accidental Death Benefit (ADB)
- A rider that pays an additional sum assured, over and above the base policy amount, if the insured's death is the result of an accident.
- 26. Total Permanent Disability (TPD)
- A rider that provides a benefit, often in installments, if the insured becomes totally and permanently disabled and is unable to work.
- 27. Critical Illness Rider
- A rider that pays a lump-sum benefit if the insured is diagnosed with one of the specific major illnesses listed in the policy document, such as cancer, heart attack, or stroke.
- 28. Diminishing Lien
- A method used to underwrite sub-standard risks where a lien (a claim) is placed on the policy. If death occurs within a certain period, the full sum assured is not paid. The amount of the lien decreases over time and eventually disappears if the insured survives the specified period.
- 29. Dating-back of Policies
- The practice of starting a policy from an earlier date than the date of application, usually to save a year on the premium by taking advantage of a younger age. This is allowed within certain limits and requires payment of back-dated premiums with interest.
Reinsurance Terms
- 30. Reinsurance
- The practice of an insurance company (the ceding company) transferring a portion of its risk to another insurance company (the reinsurer). This helps the primary insurer protect itself from large losses and increase its capacity to write more business.
- 31. Facultative Reinsurance
- A type of reinsurance where the primary insurer offers each individual risk to a reinsurer, and the reinsurer has the option (faculty) to accept or reject it. It is done on a case-by-case basis for very large or complex risks.
- 32. Automatic Reinsurance (Treaty Reinsurance)
- A reinsurance arrangement where the primary insurer agrees to cede, and the reinsurer agrees to accept, all risks within a pre-agreed class of business. The process is automatic and governed by a contract called a reinsurance treaty.
- 33. Reinsurance Treaty
- The formal legal agreement between a ceding insurance company and a reinsurer. It sets out the terms and conditions under which the reinsurer will accept a portfolio of risks from the ceding company.
Key Medical & Diagnostic Terms
- 34. Anaemia
- A condition where the blood lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen flow to the body's organs. It is an underwriting concern as it can be a symptom of a more serious underlying disease.
- 35. Thalassemia
- An inherited blood disorder that causes the body to have less hemoglobin than normal. Severe forms require regular blood transfusions and are considered a significant risk in underwriting.
- 36. Leukaemia
- A type of cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. It is a very serious condition with major underwriting implications.
- 37. Stroke
- A medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. A history of stroke is a major risk factor for underwriters.
- 38. Epilepsy
- A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Underwriting depends on the type, frequency, and control of seizures.
- 39. Diabetes Mellitus
- A chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. It increases the risk of complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves, making it a key focus of medical underwriting.
- 40. Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)
- A blood test that measures the average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It is a critical test for assessing the long-term control of diabetes in an applicant.
- 41. Hypertension
- Commonly known as high blood pressure, it is a long-term medical condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.
- 42. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- A condition that develops when the major blood vessels that supply the heart with blood (coronary arteries) become damaged or diseased, usually due to the buildup of plaque. It can lead to a heart attack and is one of the most significant risks in life underwriting.
- 43. Asthma
- A chronic respiratory disease in which the airways become inflamed, narrow, and swell, and produce extra mucus, making it difficult to breathe. Underwriting depends on its severity, frequency of attacks, and treatment.
- 44. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. It is often caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke.
- 45. Proteinuria
- The presence of excess protein in the urine. It can be a sign of kidney damage, and its persistence is a significant underwriting concern.
- 46. Renal Failure
- A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids. It is a very serious medical condition that significantly impacts life expectancy.
- 47. Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
- Blood tests used to diagnose and monitor liver disease or damage. Abnormal LFTs can indicate conditions like hepatitis or alcoholic liver disease, which are important for underwriting.
- 48. Hypothyroidism
- A condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. If well-managed with treatment, it may be considered a standard risk, but unmanaged cases pose a higher risk.
- 49. Hyperthyroidism
- A condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. It can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat and other complications, requiring careful underwriting assessment.
- 50. Glaucoma
- A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. It is often caused by abnormally high pressure inside the eye and can lead to irreversible blindness if untreated.
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